HUKUM PERIZINAN BERUSAHA DI INDONESIA: Teori, Kewenangan, dan Transformasi Digital

Authors

Nur Auliya Rahmatika, Universitas Jenderal Achmad Yani ; Ade Imam Muttaqien Halim, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Enam-Enam Kendari; Khairunnisa, Universitas Borneo Lestari; Vegitya Ramadhani Putri, Universitas Sriwijaya; Nur Chasanah, Universitas Islam Kadiri; Resma Bintani Gustaliza, Universitas Bung Hatta; Dara Puspitasari, Universitas Gresik; Ariska Cesar Divian Candra Kusuma, Universitas Brawijaya; Irawan Malebra, Politeknik Negeri Semarang; Suwandoko, Universitas Tidar; Sylvia Setjoatmadja, Universitas Gresik; Andi Mohammad Agus Mustam, Pengawai Direktorat Jendral Pajak Kementerian Keuangan Republik Indonesia; Amelia Ayu Paramitha, Universitas Brawijaya

Keywords:

Hukum, Perizinan, Berusaha, Indonesia

Synopsis

Buku ini hadir untuk mengisi kebutuhan literatur hukum yang komprehensif, khususnya di bidang hukum penanaman modal dan perizinan berusaha, yang terus mengalami dinamika seiring dengan perubahan kebijakan nasional dan perkembangan teknologi. Perizinan berusaha merupakan pintu gerbang utama bagi iklim investasi di Indonesia. Sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 11 Tahun 2020 tentang Cipta Kerja (dan Perppu Nomor 2 Tahun 2022) serta turunannya, seperti Peraturan Pemerintah tentang Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko (OSS RBA), lanskap hukum perizinan berubah secara fundamental. Buku ini hadir untuk mengupas secara sistematis, mulai dari fondasi teori kewenangan pemerintah di bidang perizinan, pergeseran paradigma dari bestuursvergunning menuju perizinan berusaha, hingga implementasi sistem Online Single Submission (OSS) sebagai bentuk transformasi digital pelayanan publik.  Lebih rinci pembahasan pada buku ini meliputi: (1) Konsep dan Terminologi Perizinan dalam HAN, (2) Sejarah dan Evolusi Perizinan di Indonesia, (3) Prinsip-Prinsip Umum Pemerintahan yang Baik (AAUPB) dalam Perizinan, (4) Landasan Konstitusional dan Yuridis Perizinan Berusaha, (5) Teori Kewenangan dan Delegasi dalam Perizinan, (6) Distribusi Kewenangan Pusat dan Daerah Pasca-UU Cipta Kerja, (7) Peran DPMPTSP dalam Penyelenggaraan Perizinan Daerah, (8) Klasifikasi Tingkat Risiko: Rendah, Menengah, dan Tinggi, (9) Perizinan Sektor Pertambangan, Energi, dan Sumber Daya Alam, (10) Digitalisasi Perizinan Lingkungan, (11) Keamanan Data dan Perlindungan Informasi Pelaku Usaha, (12) Interoperabilitas Data antar Kementerian dan Lembaga, serta (13) Sanksi Administratif dan Penegakan Hukum Perizinan

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Abdulghani, L., Mohsin, B., & Hussein, A. (2025). The Legal Basis Of The Principle Of Legality In Facing Digital Administration Development. Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government. https://doi.org/10.52152/801691

Abikusna, R. (2019). Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 Tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. SOSFILKOM : Jurnal Sosial, Filsafat dan Komunikasi. https://doi.org/10.32534/jsfk.v13i01.1453

Adikancana, S., & Santosa, M. (2024). The Licensing Transformation in Small and Medium Industries Affecting Environment Following the Establishment of the Law on Job Creation: A Case Study of the Washing Industry in Bandung Regency. Padjadjaran Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law). https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v11n3.a2

Adiningsih, D., Sutaryono, S., & Wahyuni, W. (2023). Penyelenggaraan perizinan kesesuaian kegiatan pemanfaatan ruang pada sektor berusaha di kabupaten Pati Jawa Tengah. Tunas Agraria. https://doi.org/10.31292/jta.v6i1.198

Afriyanto., Sulaiman, A., & Herman, K. (2025). Justice and Legal Certainty in the Implementation of E-Tilang in the Digital Era. Journal of Law and Regulation Governance. https://doi.org/10.57185/jlarg.v3i2.85

Agung, A., Pratiwi¹, S., Made, N., Senastri¹, J., Rideng¹, W., & Pratiwi, S. (2025). Effectiveness of Risk-Based Business Licensing Supervision in Layer Chicken Farming Business in Buleleng Regency. Jurnal Hukum Prasada. https://doi.org/10.22225/jhp.12.1.2025.79-89

Aliyev, K. (2025). The Development, Types Of Financial Supervision And Audit In Public Sector And The Ways Of Improvement In Azerbaijan. Tikintinin iqtisadiyyatı və menecment. https://doi.org/10.58225/tim.2025-2-103-110

Alon, A., Mennicken, A., & Samsonova-Taddei, A. (2019). Dynamics and Limits of Regulatory Privatization: Reorganizing audit oversight in Russia. Organization Studies, 40, 1217 - 1239. https://doi.org/10.1177/0170840619850587

Ananda, A., Dedihasriadi, L., & Haerani, Y. (2025). The State’s Right to Control and Local Government Authority in the Mining Sector: A Legal-Policy Research. Administrative and Environmental Law Review. https://doi.org/10.25041/aelr.v6i1.4079

Ansell, C., & Baur, P. (2018). Explaining Trends in Risk Governance: How Problem Definitions Underpin Risk Regimes. Risk, Hazards & Crisis in Public Policy. https://doi.org/10.1002/rhc3.12153

Bagherifam, N., Naghdi, S., Ahmadian, V., Fazlzadeh, A., & Shishehgarkhaneh, M. (2025). Digital Regulatory Governance: The Role of RegTech and SupTech in Transforming Financial Oversight and Administrative Capacity. International Journal of Financial Studies. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijfs13040217

Black, J., & Baldwin, R. (2012). When risk‐based regulation aims low: A strategic framework. Regulation & Governance, 6, 131-148. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5991.2012.01127.x

Börner, J., Kis‐Katos, K., Hargrave, J., & König, K. (2015). Post-Crackdown Effectiveness of Field-Based Forest Law Enforcement in the Brazilian Amazon. PLoS ONE, 10. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121544

Carlsson, V. (2023). Legal certainty in automated decision-making in welfare services. Public Policy and Administration, 40, 302 - 321. https://doi.org/10.1177/09520767231202334

Cevallos, M., Züllig, S., Christen, A., Meier, B., Goetz, M., Coslovsky, M., & Trelle, S. (2015). A pilot test of the new Swiss regulatory procedure for categorizing clinical trials by risk: A randomized controlled trial. Clinical Trials (London, England), 12, 677 - 687. https://doi.org/10.1177/1740774515591983

De Souza, E. (2024). Transformation Of Regulatory Compliance In The Public Sector With Artificial Intelligence. International Seven Journal of Multidisciplinary. https://doi.org/10.56238/isevmjv3n1-032

Delis, M., & Staikouras, P. (2011). Supervisory Effectiveness and Bank Risk. Review of Finance, 15, 511-543. https://doi.org/10.1093/rof/rfq035

Devara, E., Priyanta, M., & Adharani, Y. (2021). Inovasi Pendekatan Berbasis Risiko Dalam Persetujuan Lingkungan Berdasarkan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. LITRA: Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan, Tata Ruang, dan Agraria. https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v1i1.641

Endang, M. (2018). Diskresi Dan Tanggung Jawab Pejabat Pemerintahan Menurut Undang-Undang Administrasi Pemerintahan / Discretion And Responsbility Of Government Officials Based On Law Of State Administration. Jurnal Hukum Peratun. https://doi.org/10.25216/peratun.122018.223-244

Fadlan., & Chikita, A. (2025). Legal Aspects of Digital Business Licensing: A Mixed-Methods Analysis of the OSS-RBA in Indonesia's Batam Free Trade Zone. Arkus. https://doi.org/10.37275/arkus.v11i2.776

Falah, A., & Ruhaeni, N. (2025). Perizinan sebagai Instrumen Pencegahan Pencemaran Berdasarkan UU PPLH dan Implementasinya terhadap Usaha Peternakan Sapi di Desa Sukajya Kecamatan Lembang. Bandung Conference Series: Law Studies. https://doi.org/10.29313/bcsls.v5i1.16145

Fasyehhudin, M., Jaya, B., & Rahman, Y. (2022). Deregulation and Debureaucratization of Business Licensing Services Through The Online Single Submission (OSS) System in Local Governments Post Government Regulation Number 24 of 2018 Concerning Electronically Integrated Business Licensing Services. Jurnal Dinamika Hukum. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.jdh.2022.22.1.3129

Ferry, L., & Ahrens, T. (2021). The future of the regulatory space in local government audit: A comparative study of the four countries of the United Kingdom. Financial Accountability and Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12291

Ferry, L., Midgley, H., & Ruggiero, P. (2022). Regulatory space in local government audit: An international comparative study of 20 countries. Public Money & Management, 43, 233 - 241. https://doi.org/10.1080/09540962.2022.2129559

Firdaus, F. (2019). Refleksi Konstitusionalitas Pengawasan Peraturan Daerah Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 137/PUU-XIII/2015. Jurnal Konstitusi. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1629

Gaie, C., & Karpiuk, M. (2024). The Provision of e-Services by Public Administration Bodies and Their Cybersecurity. **, 175-188. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-55575-6_7

Gonçalves, M. (2020). The risk-based approach under the new EU data protection regulation: a critical perspective. Journal of Risk Research, 23, 139 - 152. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2018.1517381

Hadi, S., Hamdani, R., & Roziqin, A. (2023). A sustainability review on the Indonesian job creation law. Heliyon, 9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13431

Hariyanto, H. (2022). Risk-Based Business License and Problems Arising After The Job Creation ACT. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v10i2.1082

Hariyanto, H. (2022). Risk-Based Business License and Problems Arising After The Job Creation ACT. Jurnal IUS Kajian Hukum dan Keadilan. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v10i2.1082

Haykal, H., & Lasmana, L. (2015). Perizinan dan Fungsi Sanksi Administratif sebagai Sarana Pengendalian Kegiatan Bisnis pada Implementasi Masyarakat Ekonomi Asean 2015. **, 4.

Hazgui, M., & Malsch, B. (2019). Navigating Through the Spatial and Institutional Contradictions of Public Audit Oversight. European Accounting Review, 29, 781 - 802. https://doi.org/10.1080/09638180.2019.1683461

Hidayat, D., Sumaryana, A., & Buchari, R. (2025). Implementation of Regional Regulation Number 2 of 2024 on the Administration of Business Licensing. Journal La Sociale. https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v6i5.2192

Hliborob, N. (2021). Digitization Of Public Services: Legal Regulation In The Context Of European Principles. Administrative law and process. https://doi.org/10.17721/2227-796x.2021.1.03

Hobler-Micherska, I. (2024). Implementation of post-audit recommendations as an important element affecting the effectiveness of the functioning of the AML/CFT system in the context of the inevitability of sanctioning breaches of obligations under the AML Act. Studies and Materials of the Faculty of Management of the University of Warsaw. https://doi.org/10.7172/1733-9758.2024.40.6

Ilham, M., Imaniyati, N., & Firmansyah, A. (2018). Tanggung Jawab Bank terhadap Pengguna Uang Elektronik dalam Kegagalan Sistem Transaksi Pembayaran Non-Tunai Ditinjau dari Buku III KUH Perdata dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor : 20/6/2018 tentang Uang Elektronik. **, 1044-1051.

Iqbal, H., Hermawan, S., & Nugroho, A. (2025). Bentuk Pertanggungjawaban Pemerintah Terhadap Lumpuhnya Pusat Data Nasional Berdasarkan Hukum Administrasi Negara. Eksekusi : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Administrasi Negara. https://doi.org/10.55606/eksekusi.v3i2.1825

Islam, K. (2025). The Digitalization of Public Services in Uzbekistan: How to Avoid the Rigidity. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.70735/flmo8508

Kantsir, I., & Plekan, M. (2017). Reform Of Regulatory Policy In The Field Of Supervision Of Audit Activity. Baltic Journal of Economic Studies, 3, 170-174. https://doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2017-3-5-170-174

Kasim, A., Yodo, S., Rimi, A., & Patila, M. (2023). Mining Businees Licensing In Indonesia: Perspective Administrative Law After The Revision Of The Mineral And Coal Law. Russian Law Journal. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i3.1538

Kemalasari, N., & Effendi, I. (2024). Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Pengelola Arisan Online Bermodus Investasi Yang Menimbulkan Akibat Hukum. Jurnal Preferensi Hukum. https://doi.org/10.22225/jph.5.2.10200.231-239

Khalimy, A. (2017). Pencabutan Peraturan Daerah Dalam Timbangan Negara Hukum. **, 2. https://doi.org/10.24235/mahkamah.v2i1.1617

Khalimy, A., Yusriyadi, Y., Setyowati, R., Syahruddin, S., & Wadud, A. (2023). The Intersection of the Progressive Law Theory and the Self-Declaration Concept of MSEs Halal Certification. Journal of Indonesian Legal Studies. https://doi.org/10.15294/jils.v8i1.66087

Klinke, A., & Renn, O. (2001). Precautionary principle and discursive strategies: classifying and managing risks. Journal of Risk Research, 4, 159 - 173. https://doi.org/10.1080/136698701750128105

Kristantiya, T., Sudarmo, S., & Sudibyo, D. (2023). Online System Adaptation Single Submission Risk Based Approach (OSS-RBA). International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.08.09

Kurniawan, M., & Khalimi, K. (2023). Digital Services of Public Government Administration In The Industrial Revolution 4.0. SASI. https://doi.org/10.47268/sasi.v29i4.1693

Kusmiati, S., Afriana, A., & Faisal, P. (2023). Implications And Legal Consequences Of Implementing A Risk Based Online Single Submission System For Limited Liability Company Business Licensing. Jurnal Poros Hukum Padjadjaran. https://doi.org/10.23920/jphp.v5i1.1367

Kusuma, A., & Utama, C. (2025). Administrative Law And The Oversight Of State Finances In The Digital Government Era. Multidisciplinary Research Studies in Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.71312/mrscholar.v1i2.551

Kusuma, W., & Sintasari, S. (2023). Pemekaran Daerah dan Otonomi Daerah Kerangka Hubungan Pusat Daerah. CAPITAN: Constitutional Law & Administrative Law Review. https://doi.org/10.47268/capitan.v1i1.9933

Kusumaputra, A. (2021). Dekonstruksi Pembangunan Berkelanjutan Melalui Otonomi Daerah Dalam Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Air Pasca Omnibus Law. Litra: Jurnal Hukum Lingkungan, Tata Ruang, dan Agraria. https://doi.org/10.23920/litra.v1i1.590

Lamoreaux, P., Mowchan, M., & Zhang, W. (2022). Does PCAOB regulatory enforcement deter low quality audits?. The Accounting Review. https://doi.org/10.2308/tar-2020-0658

Lenntorp, E. (2009). On the joint use of licensing and liability. International Review of Law and Economics, 29, 244-251. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.irle.2009.02.001

Manyilova, K., Norchuk, Y. (2025). Legal principles of digitalization of public administration in Ukraine: challenges and perspectives. Legal Horizons. https://doi.org/10.54477/lh.25192353.2025.2.pp.24-34

Marcus, A. (1984). Deregulation and bank financial policy. Journal of Banking and Finance, 8, 557-565. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4266(84)80046-1

Masse, A., Khaeriyah, K., & Natsir, N. (2024). Evaluasi Sistem Perizinan Lingkungan Hidup Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Perlindungan Lingkungan di Kota Makassar. MIMBAR ADMINISTRASI FISIP UNTAG Semarang. https://doi.org/10.56444/mia.v22i2.1974

Mérő, K. (2021). The ascent and descent of banks’ risk-based capital regulation. Journal of Banking Regulation, 22, 308 - 318. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41261-021-00149-1

Mökander, J., Axente, M., Casolari, F., & Floridi, L. (2021). Conformity Assessments and Post-market Monitoring: A Guide to the Role of Auditing in the Proposed European AI Regulation. Minds and Machines, 32, 241 - 268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11023-021-09577-4

Mualim, A. (2020). Problematika Online Single Submission Di Indonesia : Konflik Kewenangan Antara Pusat Dan Daerah. **, 5, 110-120. https://doi.org/10.21067/jph.v5i1.4497

Mulyawan, A., Faishal, A., Suprapto, S., & Saprudin, S. (2025). Monitoring and Review of Regional Regulations in Indonesia that Ensure Legal Certainty. Journal of Progressive Law and Legal Studies. https://doi.org/10.59653/jplls.v3i02.1754

Najiib, A., Pradana, A., Ramdhani, H., & Ramdhani, F. (2025). Peran Peraturan Daerah dalam Perlindungan Hak Asasi Manusia di Era Otonomi Daerah. Innovative: Journal Of Social Science Research. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v5i4.20356

Nannini, L. (2025). From Categorical to Contextual: Interpreting High-Risk Classification for Profiling-Based AI Recommender Systems in the EU AI Act. Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI, Ethics, and Society. https://doi.org/10.1609/aies.v8i2.36678

Neuwirth, R. (2023). Prohibited artificial intelligence practices in the proposed EU artificial intelligence act (AIA). Comput. Law Secur. Rev., 48, 105798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clsr.2023.105798

Novelli, C., Casolari, F., Rotolo, A., Taddeo, M., & Floridi, L. (2023). Taking AI risks seriously: a new assessment model for the AI Act. AI & SOCIETY, 39, 2493 - 2497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00146-023-01723-z

Nurhayati, N., Rustyono, G., Farid, A., & Suryadi, R. (2025). Legal Certainty of The Positive Fictive Policy In Business Licensing Through The Online Single Submission Risk-based approach System In Indonesia. Jurnal Ius Constituendum. https://doi.org/10.26623/jic.v10i2.12009

Otia, J., & Bracci, E. (2022). Digital transformation and the public sector auditing: The SAI's perspective. Financial Accountability & Management. https://doi.org/10.1111/faam.12317

Pambudhi, H., & Virgy, M. (2022). Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Pengelolaan Kehutanan Pasca Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja [The Authority of Local Governments in the Context of Forestry Management after the Law on Job Creation]. Law Review. https://doi.org/10.19166/lr.v0i3.4885

Pau, O. (2019). Pembatalan Berbagai Peraturan Daerah Yang Mempengaruhi Pelayanan Publik Dunia Bisnis Dan Investasi Tinjauan Ekonomi Dan Bisnis. **, 2, 113-126.

Purnamawati, E. (2021). Otonomi Daerah Pasca Amandemen UUD 1945. Disiplin : Majalah Civitas Akademika Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum sumpah Pemuda. https://doi.org/10.46839/disiplin.v27i2.40

Putra, R., & Saragih, G. (2025). Analysis Of Regional Authority In The Formation Of Local Regulations Based On Pancasila Ideology. Constitutional Law Society. https://doi.org/10.36448/cls.v4i01.92

Putri, T., Einirzon, J., & Mahfuz, A. (2023). Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Atas Kehilangan Barang Pengguna Jasa di PT. Pos Indonesia (Persero) Kecamatan Sirah Pulau Padang dan Kota Kayuagung. AL-Manhaj: Jurnal Hukum dan Pranata Sosial Islam. https://doi.org/10.37680/almanhaj.v5i2.3958

Putu, A., Sugiantari, W., Made, I., Utama, A., Istri, A., Dewi, A., & Sudantra, K. (2024). Industrialization of Business Licensing: Influence on Environmental Wisdom?. East Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. https://doi.org/10.55927/eajmr.v3i9.10790

Radaelli, C. (2020). Regulatory Impact Assessment (RIA). The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13895-0_136-1

Rahman, N., Mochtar, Z., Rafiqi, I., & Jalloh, M. (2022). Legal Politics of Environmental Licensing Governance After Job Creation Law. Hang Tuah Law Journal. https://doi.org/10.30649/htlj.v6i2.109

Rahmat, R. (2020). Penghapusan Instrumen Izin Lingkungan Dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja. **, 1, 41-48.

Ridwan. (2023). State Control Of Land Perspective Of Indonesian Land Law And Islamic Law. Russian Law Journal. https://doi.org/10.52783/rlj.v11i2.508

Roestamy, M., Sitohang, S., & Rahayu, R. (2025). Legal Certainty In Indonesia Regarding The Migration Of Land Certificates From Analog To Electronic Systems. Al-Mubin: Islamic Scientific Journal. https://doi.org/10.51192/almubin.v8i1.1713

Rusdi, A., & Santiago, F. (2020). Business Legal Liability for Consumer Rights Breaching the Apartment. Journal of Law, Policy and Globalization. https://doi.org/10.7176/jlpg/99-14

Ruzakov, V., Fedoruk, A., Karimova, L., Muldasheva, N., & Shapoval, I. (2024). Peculiarities of Regulatory and Methodological Support of Occupational Risk Assessment. Occupational Safety in Industry. https://doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2024-11-67-72

Said, A. (2016). Pembagian Kewenangan Pemerintah Pusat-Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Otonomi Seluas-Luasnya Menurut UUD 1945. **, 9. https://doi.org/10.25041/fiatjustisia.v9no4.613

Sandi, J., & Satriawan, B. (2024). Telaah Pelaksanaan Sosialisasi Rancangan Peraturan Daerah dan Peraturan Daerah oleh DPRD Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Jurnal Pemerintahan dan Politik. https://doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v9i1.3652

Saparbekova, E., & Zhetpisov, S. (2025). The rule of law and digital transformation of public administration. Bulletin of the Karaganda University “Law Series”. https://doi.org/10.31489/2025l1/58-67

Schuett, J. (2022). Risk management in the Artificial Intelligence Act. ArXiv, abs/2212.03109. https://doi.org/10.1017/err.2023.1

Scurich, N. (2017). The Case Against Categorical Risk Estimates. Risk. https://doi.org/10.1002/bsl.2382

Sembiring, J. (2016). Hak Menguasai Negara Atas Sumber Daya Agraria. **, 2, 119-132. https://doi.org/10.31292/jb.v2i2.65

Setiarma, A., Tungmiharja, W., & Bustani, S. (2024). Implikasi Perizinan Berusaha Berbasis Risiko Terhadap Eksploitasi Sumber Daya Alam Dalam Upaya Percepatan Investasi Di Indonesia. Jurnal De Lege Ferenda Trisakti. https://doi.org/10.25105/ferenda.v2i1.19701

Sharon, G. (2021). Teori Wewenang Dalam Perizinan. **, 3, 50-63. https://doi.org/10.30587/justiciabelen.v3i1.2249

Shokhjakhon, J., & Komila, A. (2025). Administrative and Legal Regulation of The Provision of Public Services in Electronic Form. International Journal of Law And Criminology. https://doi.org/10.37547/ijlc/volume05issue05-10

Singh, K., & Singh, R. (2025). Doctrine Of Absolute Liability And Its Impact On Industries: A Critical Study. LawFoyer International Journal of Doctrinal Legal Research. https://doi.org/10.70183/lijdlr.2024.v03.20

Subarkah, L., Mulyani, B., & Idrus, M. (2025). Implications of Government Policy on Digitalization of Public Services in Realizing Smart Government. Journal La Sociale. https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v6i3.1702

Sugianto, B., Kurniawati, D., & Abbas, Z. (2020). Otonomi Daerah Dan Peluang Investasi Untuk Percepatan Pembangunan. Lex Librum : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum. https://doi.org/10.46839/lljih.v0i0.286

Sumardani, N., & Bagiastra, I. (2021). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Badan Pertanahan Nasional Terkait Ketidaksesuaian Hasil Pengecekan Sertifikat Secara Elektronik. Acta Comitas. https://doi.org/10.24843/ac.2021.v06.i02.p01

Syafakhorrahman, M., & Miftah, M. (2025). Implikasi Yuridis Tata Kelola Perizinan Usaha Berbasis Risiko terhadap Asas Otonomi di Indonesia. AHKAM. https://doi.org/10.58578/ahkam.v4i3.6977

Todt, O., & Luján, J. (2025). Methodological tensions in risk assessment and benefit assessment: a classification. Journal of Risk Research, 28, 414 - 427. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2025.2512076

Toyi, A., & Hamidun, E. (2025). Establishing Legal Certainty in the Digital Era: Challenges and Solutions. Estudiante Law Journal. https://doi.org/10.33756/eslaj.v7i2.31630

Utami, N. (2023). Sentralisasi Terhadap Kewenangan Pemerintah Daerah Dalam Perizinan Tambang Pasca Pemberlakuan Undang-Undang Mineral Dan Batubara. Jurnal Lex Renaissance. https://doi.org/10.20885/jlr.vol8.iss2.art10

Wahri, S., Safitri, R., & Alam, F. (2022). Tanggung Jawab Hukum Penerbit Uang Elektronik Terhadap Kerugian Nasabah Pengguna Uang Elektronik Di Bank Mandiri. Journal Of Legal Research. https://doi.org/10.15408/jlr.v4i4.21093

Wiradarma, I., & Westra, I. (2020). Pengaturan Pelayanan Online Single Submission (OSS) Dalam Rangka Ease Of Doing Business Di Indonesia. Kertha Semaya : Journal Ilmu Hukum. https://doi.org/10.24843/ks.2020.v09.i01.p09

Yang, Y. (2025). Legal Risks of Digital Governance in the AI’s Era --- Concerns About the Power’s Digitization. Journal of Public Policy and Administration. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jppa.20250902.14

Yanto, A., & Hikmah, F. (2023). Aspek Hukum Hak Menguasai Negara DI Bidang Pertambangan Pasca Pembaruan Undang-Undang Mineral dan Batubara di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Hukum De Jure. https://doi.org/10.30641/dejure.2023.v23.419-432

Yusdianto, Y. (2015). Hubungan Kewenangan Pusat dan Daerah Menurut Undang-Undang Nomor 23 Tahun 2014 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah. **, 2, 483-504. https://doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v2n3.a4

Zhang, J., Liu, J., Zhou, G., Pan, D., Liao, F., & Zhang, W. (2023). Has inspection supervision effectively reduced the risk of local government debt? Evidence from China. Finance Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104869

Published

April 21, 2026

Details about the available publication format: PDF

PDF

Physical Dimensions